1984

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Nineteen Eighty-Four: A Novel, often published as 1984, is a dystopian social science fiction novel byEnglish novelist George Orwell. It was published on 8 June 1949 by Secker & Warburg as Orwell’s ninthand final book completed in his lifetime. Thematically, Nineteen Eighty-Four centres on the consequencesof totalitarianism, mass surveillance, and repressive regimentation of persons and behaviours withinsociety. Orwell, himself a democratic socialist, modelled the authoritarian government in the novel afterStalinist Russia. More broadly, the novel examines the role of truth and facts within politics and the ways inwhich they are manipulated. The story takes place in an imagined future, the year 1984, when much of theworld has fallen victim to perpetual war, omnipresent government surveillance, historical negationism, andpropaganda. Great Britain, known as Airstrip One, has become a province of a totalitarian superstatenamed Oceania that is ruled by the Party who employ the Thought Police to persecute individuality and independent thinking. Big Brother, the leader of the Party, enjoys an intense cult of personality despite the fact that he may not even exist. The protagonist, Winston Smith, is a diligent and skillful rank-and-file worker and Outer Party member who secretly hates the Party and dreams of rebellion. He enters into a forbidden relationship with a colleague, Julia, and starts to remember what life was like before the Partycame to power. Nineteen Eighty-Four has become a classic literary example of political and dystopian fiction. It also popularised the term Orwellian as an adjective, with many terms used in the novel entering common usage, including Big Brother, doublethink, thoughtcrime, Newspeak, memory hole, 2 + 2 = 5, proles, Two Minutes Hate, telescreen, and Room 101. Time included it on its 100 best English- language novels from 1923 to 2005 It was placed on the Modern Library’s 100 Best Novels, reaching No. 13 on the editors’ list and No. 6 on the readers’ list. In 2003, the novel was listed at No. 8 on The Big Read survey by the BBC. Parallels have been drawn between the novel’s subject matter and real life instances of totalitarianism, mass surveillance, and violations of freedom of expression among other themes.

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